Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli 0111:B4

LPS is the principal component of Gram-negative bacteria that activates the innate immune system through its recognition by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). This leads to a signaling cascade that ultimately results in the activation of NF-κB and the production of proinflammatory cytokines [1]. LPS-EB is a preparation of smooth (S)-form LPS purified from the Gram-negative E. coli 0111:B4, a pathogenic serotype of E. coli known to cause significant gastric disease [2,3].

InvivoGen provides LPS-EB with two grades of purity:

• LPS-EB is a standard lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparation extracted by a phenol-water mixture. LPS-EB contains other bacterial components, such as lipoproteins, and therefore stimulates both TLR4 and TLR2.

• LPS-EB Ultrapure is extracted by successive enzymatic hydrolysis steps and purified by the previously described phenol-TEA-DOC extraction protocol [4]. This process removes contaminating lipoproteins, and therefore LPS-EB Ultrapure only activates TLR4. 

References:

1. Kuzmich, N.N. et al., 2017. TLR4 Signaling Pathway Modulators as Potential Therapeutics in Inflammation and Sepsis. Vaccines (Basel) 5unol. 165(2):618-22.
2. Coleman, W.G., Jr. et al., 1977. Genetic analysis of Escherichia coli O111:B4, a strain of medical and biochemical interest. J Bacteriol 130, 656-660.
3. Viljanen, M.K. et al., 1990. Outbreak of diarrhea due to Escherichia coli O111:B4 in schoolchildren and adults: association of Vi antigen-like reactivity. Lancet 336, 831-834.
4. Hirschfeld M. et al., 2000. Cutting edge: repurification of lipopolysaccharide eliminates signaling through both human and murine toll-like receptor 2. J Immunol. 165(2):618-22.